This study has been focused on the Linear and nonLinear Behavior and investigative in single-ring resonator. Optical fiberring resonators have great interest due to different applications, especially in communication, secured communication, slowlight, fast light and light storage in optical buffers. There are many proposed applications of optical ring resonators. Opticalfiber ring resonators can be readily constructed from standard optical fiber components, which allow their properties to bestudied in a systematic manner. In this paper, we describe our studies of the optical transmission, intensity, shift phase andgroup delay characteristics of a family of such devices. In this case, Gaussian beam has been used as an input pulse insideto microring resonators. In this paper, transmission, intensity, shift phase and group delay characteristics of device havebeen investigated. It has been compared together in different coupling coefficients in frame of Linear and nonLinear.

Large amplitude inter-well oscillations in bi-stable energy harvesters have made them a proper energy harvesting choice due to a high energy generation. However, the co-existence of the chaotic attractor in these harvesters could essentially decrease their efficiency. In this work, an algorithm for detecting chaos in bistable energy harvesters based on a data-gathering algorithm and estimating the largest Lyapunov exponentis investigated. First, a simple model of axially-loaded non-Linear energy harvesters is derived. This model is derived using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the Assumed Mode method considering the Von-Karman non-Linear strain-displacement equation. The harvester's numerical simulation results are used in order to test the algorithm's efficiency and accuracy in identifying the chaotic response. The results obtained show the algorithm's success in detecting chaos in such systems with a minimum possible calculation cost. The effect of noise on the algorithm's performance is also investigated, and the results obtained show an excellent robustness of the algorithm to noise. It can diagnose the harvester's chaotic or harmonic Behavior with noisecontaminated data with 10% noise density. The comparison between this algorithm and the Wolf's method show a relatively less computation time (up to 80%) to detect chaos with a reasonable accuracy.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel Behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel Behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel Behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel Behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel Behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel Behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel Behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel Behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel Behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel Behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel Behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel Behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel Behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel Behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel Behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel Behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel Behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel Behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel Behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel Behavior, the factors affecting travel Behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel Behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel Behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel Behavior due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel Behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel Behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Environment and its conservation is one of the present issues in risky modern life. Although, the present world has been improving during last years, it hasn’t been able to solve environmental problems and it has caused its deterioration. Littering in jungle, seashore, public places and passages is one of the significant environmental issues in society of Iran. The Purpose of the present study is investigation of the reasons of littering formation by the approach of Causal Layered Analyses (CLA) and planning scenario. The present study analyzed the layers forming the present social issue and searched the origin of it. In order to accomplish this study, 15 experts in environment and society were interviewed by Qualitative and exploring method and applying deep interview technique. Then, after exploiting the contents and content analysis of interviews, their opinions presented in 4 forms as litany, systematic, discourse analysis and metaphor. By applying the present discourses, the gap between state-people and people-people were recognized as important variables and were applied in presenting scenario. Finally 4 scenarios presented in a diagram which can help strategists and officials of the society.

In recent decades, the microstructure of polymers and their molecular structure engineering are of great interest due to their tremendous effects on the final properties of polymers. With the increasing demand of polymers, introducing new types of them by changing the microstructure and as a result improving the properties has become particularly important. Polyethylene is a commercial and widely used resin in the industry, which has a diverse molecular structure and consequently, various viscoelastic, mechanical, thermal, and processing properties. Investigating the effect of microstructure on the viscoelastic response of polyethylenes can provide a very good prediction of the processing Behavior and related issues; which makes it possible for engineers to achieve the desired goal by spending less time and energy. In general, the presence of long chain branches in the structure of polyethylene improves the melt strength and elasticity. So far, various methods have been presented to control the molecular architecture of different polyethylenes, the most important of which are polymerization and the use of specific catalysts, high-energy radiation, and reactive melt modification. In this article, the microstructure effect of Linear- and branched-polyethylenes on the rheological properties and the research performed in this field are reviewed.

Based on capacity design philosophy, considering the dissipated and non-dissipated parts in structures, the Behavior factor is specified in codes. According to the standard Iranian code of practice, the Behavior factors for structures with different bracing systems are the same. Whilst each system dissipates energy in different ways. In this research, the nonLinear dynamic Behavior of structures with different bracing systems is investigated. For this propose, two dimensional frames with different types of bracing systems are designed Different time history records are applied for nonLinear dynamic analysis of the designed frames.The results indicated that the models are not satisfied the capacity design rules, the columns are failed sooner than the yielding pattern of the bracing elements and the frames cannot achieve the expected ductility. To overcome to these difficulties, the authors proposed the method for design of structures with diagollal bracing systems to increase ductility. All of the models are designed again according to this proposed method and analyzed for the second time.The results represented that the new models have better Behavior and achieve more ductility. It is also shown that the Behavior factors for these frames are significantly increased.

Eccentric Braced Frames (EBF) are widely used in steel structures in which the beam-column connections usually have a nonLinear semi-rigid Behavior.This Behavior greatly influences that of the Eccentric Braced Frame. In this research, all parts of the steel frames including beam-column connections were modeled three-dimensionally using shell elements. The nonLinear static push over analysis was used for these frames in ANSYS. In the first stage, the effects of the connections on lateral ultimate strength, capacity of energy dissipation, elastic stiffness, and EBF ductility factor were investigated. The results showed that the seismic Behavior of the semi-rigid EBF was better than both the simple and the rigid EBFs. In the second stage, the effect of the link beam length was studied and the nonLinear and seismic Behaviors of EBF were compared for a variety of situations. Finally, the best length of the link beam in the semi-rigid EBF was determined.